{"id":3224,"date":"2023-03-27T15:06:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T06:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/?p=3224"},"modified":"2023-09-13T11:19:37","modified_gmt":"2023-09-13T02:19:37","slug":"deposition-sputtering-semiconductors-insulators-conductors-that-have-radically-changed-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/?p=3224","title":{"rendered":"Deposition? Sputtering? Semiconductors [insulators, conductors] that have radically changed the world."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Deposition?<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Semiconductors are used all around us but do we really know what role they actually play and for what purpose they are used?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

A semiconductor is something between an insulator and a conductor.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"A<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Semiconductors are ‘insulators’ that do not conduct electricity, but under certain conditions they are ‘conductors’ that do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Its full name is ‘semiconductor integrated circuits’.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The binary system can be used because semiconductors can convey ‘0’ and ‘1’ information by conducting or not conducting electricity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The binary system allows computers to perform various calculations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Typical materials used in semiconductors are silicon. This is where the name \u201cSilicon Valley\u201d originated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Our life has changed drastically thanks to semiconductors, as silicon is abundant in the earth and semiconductors can be mass-produced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first product to use semiconductors was the transistor radio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The binary system is a way of expressing numbers using only zeros and ones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decimal system<\/td>\uff10<\/td>\uff11<\/td>2<\/td>3<\/td>4<\/td>5<\/td>6<\/td>7<\/td>8<\/td><\/tr>
Binary system<\/td>0<\/td>1<\/td>1
0<\/td>		1
1<\/td>		1
0
0<\/td>		1
0
1<\/td>		1
1
0<\/td>		1
1
1<\/td>		1
0
0
0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Semiconductors are vital to our lives!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Semiconductors used in familiar machines.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Semiconductors<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Temperature sensors in air conditioners are made of semiconductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rice cooker’s heat regulation is controlled by semiconductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Semiconductors<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Semiconductors are also used in CPUs and SSDs in personal computers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Semiconductors<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Semiconductors are also used in smartphones, digital cameras, washing machines, refrigerators, LED light bulbs, bank ATMs, trains, internet communications and other infrastructure, as well as in automobile engine control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Semiconductors are used in various machines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They are so commonplace that global giants such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon cannot do anything without semiconductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In other words, a modern technological society would not be realized without semiconductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

How do we make semiconductors? Sputtering method for making depositions.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

There are several manufacturing processes involved in creating semiconductors, and this article describes sputtering as a deposition technique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deposition is a technique for attaching a thin film to the surface of an underlying material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deposition enables glass, resin and metal substrates to be equipped with functions such as current-carrying, light-controlling and heat-generating features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The thickness of the membrane depends on the function of the membrane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this way, when deposited, the film can provide the necessary insulator and conductor functions for semiconductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are several deposition methods. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sputtering and evaporation methods are often used where optical films are required, such as lenses, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sputtering method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"sputtering<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Suppose you throw a stone into a puddle of water. The water would then scatter and adhere to the prepared substrate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doing this in a vacuum is called the sputtering method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some more details.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A vacuum box filled with Ar (argon) gas contains an electron e-, and when e- is hit with argon, Ar+ is produced, which is called atomization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sputtering is a technique where atomized argon strikes a target and the atoms are knocked out, adhering to the substrate and creating a thin film.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Argon has inert properties that does not react with other substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A clear explanatory video is below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n