{"id":5427,"date":"2026-09-02T15:30:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T06:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/?p=5427"},"modified":"2026-09-02T17:08:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T08:08:50","slug":"what-is-a-lithium-ion-battery-this-article-provides-a-simple-explanation-of-how-they-work-their-lifespan-and-examples-of-their-use","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/?p=5427","title":{"rendered":"What is a lithium-ion battery? This article provides a simple explanation of how they work, their lifespan and examples of their use!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion1.png 1024w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion1-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion1-768x387.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, the term \u2018lithium-ion batteries\u2019 has been seen and heard frequently on TV and in newspapers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although research and development is underway in many countries for use in electric vehicles (EVs), perhaps few people know what a lithium-ion battery is in the first place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article explains how lithium-ion batteries work, their lifespan, advantages and disadvantages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We hope this helps to resolve any questions you may have about lithium-ion batteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s look at them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a lithium-ion battery?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A lithium-ion battery is a battery in which lithium ions (Li+) move around inside the battery as carriers of electricity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They are called lithium \u2018ion\u2019 batteries because they always exist in an ionic state during the charge-discharge reaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once fully discharged and the energy extracted is exhausted, electrical energy can be stored and used again if the battery is recharged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lithium-ion batteries have rapidly gained market share in the rechargeable battery market since Sony and Asahi Kasei successfully commercialized them in 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Structure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5429\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion2.png 1024w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion2-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion2-768x512.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Lithium-ion batteries mainly use LiCoO\u2082 (lithium cobaltite) for the positive electrode, C (carbon) for the negative electrode and organic electrolytes containing lithium ions such as LiPF\u2086 (lithium hexafluorophosphate) for the electrolyte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During charging, lithium ions (Li\u207a) are desorbed from the positive electrode and absorbed into the carbon of the negative electrode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>positive electrode: LiCoO\u2082\u2192Li(1-x)CoO\u2082\uff0bxLi+\uff0bxe\u2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Negative electrode: 6C\uff0bxLi+\uff0bxe\u2010\u2192LixC\u2086<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Conversely, during the discharge reaction, the absorbed Li\u207a is desorbed from the anode and reabsorbed back into the cathode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Positive electrode: Li(1-x)CoO\u2082\uff0bxLi+\uff0bxe\u2010\u2192LiCoO\u2082<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Negative electrode: LixC\u2086\u21926C\uff0bxLi+\uff0bxe\u2013<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>As Li+ only comes and goes in the charge-discharge reaction, lithium-ion batteries are also known as \u2018rocking-chair batteries\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In recent years, new materials such as manganese and phosphate as cathode materials and silicon as anode materials have been investigated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Further improvements in energy density and cycle properties are also expected for electrolyte, such as improved charge-discharge performance due to higher concentrations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Characteristics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion3.png 1024w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion3-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion3-768x512.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Lithium-ion batteries are characterized by two main features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High output voltage and energy density<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No memory effect.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s look at them, one by one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">High output voltage and energy density<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The nominal voltage of lithium-ion batteries is 3 V or higher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>High voltages are indicated at one terminal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Equipment requiring high voltages for operation can be run with fewer stacks, reducing the volume occupied by batteries in the equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They are also superior to other rechargeable batteries in terms of energy per weight and weight energy density [Wh\/kg].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If lithium-ion batteries are used as a replacement for other batteries, this can lead to a reduction in the overall weight of battery-powered equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">No memory effect.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Lithium-ion batteries do not have a memory effect that temporarily reduces their capacity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They can be used and charged more freely than other rechargeable batteries and are less likely to cause problems such as sudden equipment stoppages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, even if they are left unused, the natural discharge rate is only a few per cent per month, which is one tenth that of NiMH batteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These characteristics make them suitable for use in disaster-prevention products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">life span<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion4.png 1024w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion4-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/lithium-ion4-768x512.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The life of a lithium-ion battery depends on the environment in which it is used, but is said to be around 300-500 cycles for a smartphone battery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The greater the charging speed, the faster the battery deteriorates and the less capacity it can store when fully charged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Factors that may hasten the life of lithium-ion batteries include,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Frequent use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Using while charging.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leaving it empty for a long period of time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>These are the factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to extend battery life, it is necessary to review the frequency and conditions of use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examples of lithium-ion battery applications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lithium-ion batteries are currently used in portable devices such as smartphones and laptops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, research and development has been actively carried out with the aim of installing them in EVs and other transport equipment, and they are also expanding their activities into the space sector, for example in satellites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Storage batteries are essential for the efficient use of renewable energy sources with unstable output.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As lithium-ion batteries become less expensive, they could be integrated into the electricity grid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disadvantages of lithium-ion batteries<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The disadvantage of lithium-ion batteries is that they present safety issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The use of flammable organic electrolyte in the electrolyte can lead to ignition accidents when both electrodes short-circuit in the battery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, the recycling system for lithium-ion batteries is not yet fully developed, which poses a major challenge when disposing of batteries after use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The current need to recycle materials within lithium-ion batteries is becoming increasingly important, as the volume of battery production will increase significantly when lithium-ion batteries are installed in EVs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lastly<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This concludes the explanation on lithium-ion batteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We hope that we can answer some of the many questions you may have about batteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">References<br><a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.co.jp\/dp\/4753656381?ref_=cm_sw_r_cp_ud_dp_8GFXHVWGCHMB9B27N2TG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u30ea\u30c1\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u96fb\u6c60\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u2015\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u30fb\u30b2\u30b9\u30c8\u7cfb\u96fb\u6975\u306e\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u304b\u3089\u30ca\u30ce\u30c6\u30af\u6750\u6599\u307e\u3067 (\u6750\u6599\u5b66\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba)\u3000\u5de5\u85e4 \u5fb9\u4e00, \u672c\u9593 \u683c, \u65e5\u6bd4\u91ce \u5149\u5b8f\u3001\u5185\u7530\u8001\u9db4\u5703<\/a><br><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><\/meta><a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/industrial.panasonic.com\/jp\/products\/pt\/lithium-ion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u30ea\u30c1\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u96fb\u6c60 &#8211; \u30d1\u30ca\u30bd\u30cb\u30c3\u30af (panasonic.com)<\/a><br><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><\/meta><a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/edn.itmedia.co.jp\/edn\/articles\/1205\/18\/news012_4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u96fb\u6c60\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u69cb\u6210\u3068\u5145\u653e\u96fb\u306e\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u304a\u304d\u305f\u3044 \u96fb\u6c60\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\uff082\uff09\uff084\/6 \u30da\u30fc\u30b8\uff09 &#8211; EDN Japan (itmedia.co.jp)<\/a><br><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><\/meta><a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.keyence.co.jp\/ss\/products\/microscope\/vhx-casestudy\/electronics\/lithium-ion-battery.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u30ea\u30c1\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u96fb\u6c60\u30fb\u6b21\u4e16\u4ee3\u96fb\u6c60\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u89b3\u5bdf\u3068\u89e3\u6790 | \u96fb\u5b50\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u696d\u754c | \u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u62e1\u5927\u89e3\u6790\u4e8b\u4f8b | \u30ad\u30fc\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9 (keyence.co.jp)<\/a><br><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><\/meta><a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp\/press\/foe\/press\/setnws_202104061356121576288960.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8d855 V\u30ea\u30c1\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u96fb\u6c60\u306e\u5b9f\u73fe\uff0d\u9ad8\u96fb\u5727\u4f5c\u52d5\u6642\u306e\u52a3\u5316\u3092\u6291\u5236\uff0d\uff5c\u3010\u5de5\u5b66\u90e8\/\u5de5\u5b66\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u3011\u3000\u30d7\u30ec\u30b9\u30ea\u30ea\u30fc\u30b9 | UTokyo-Eng (u-tokyo.ac.jp)<\/a><br><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><\/meta><a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/jpn.faq.panasonic.com\/app\/answers\/detail\/a_id\/18111\/~\/%E5%85%85%E9%9B%BB%E5%BC%8F%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E5%8A%B9%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%89-pz18111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5145\u96fb\u5f0f\u96fb\u6c60\u306e\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u30fc\u52b9\u679c\u3068\u306f\uff1f\uff08\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u30fc\u73fe\u8c61\u3068\u306f\uff1f\uff09 PZ18111 &#8211; \u30cb\u30c3\u30b1\u30eb\u6c34\u7d20\u96fb\u6c60\uff06\u5145\u96fb\u5668 &#8211; Panasonic<\/a><br><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><\/meta><a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.e-hasegawa.co.jp\/ceo-162\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u30ea\u30c1\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\uff08\u81ea\u7136\uff09\u653e\u96fb\u3068\u306f\uff1f\u57fa\u790e\u30fb\u57fa\u672c\u3092\u5b66\u3076 &#8211; \u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e \u9577\u8c37\u5ddd\u88fd\u4f5c\u6240 (e-hasegawa.co.jp)<\/a><br><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><\/meta><a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/article.murata.com\/ja-jp\/article\/basic-lithium-ion-battery-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7b2c5\u56de\u3000\u30ea\u30c1\u30a6\u30e0\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u96fb\u6c60\u304c\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\uff08\u30b5\u30b9\u30c6\u30ca\u30d6\u30eb\uff09\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u5b9f\u73fe\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u7406\u7531\u3068\u306f\uff1f\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u304b\u3089\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u308b\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u3084\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u672a\u6765\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u89e3\u8aac | \u6751\u7530\u88fd\u4f5c\u6240 \u6280\u8853\u8a18\u4e8b (murata.com)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Recently, the term \u2018lithium-ion batteries\u2019 has been seen and heard frequent[\u3082\u3063\u3068\u8aad\u307e\u305b\u3066\u301c]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5428,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is a lithium-ion battery? 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