{"id":5444,"date":"2026-09-07T16:57:04","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:57:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/?p=5444"},"modified":"2026-09-07T16:57:06","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:57:06","slug":"what-is-a-nickel-metal-hydride-battery-a-simple-explanation-of-how-it-works-and-its-features","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/?p=5444","title":{"rendered":"What is a nickel metal hydride battery? A simple explanation of how it works and its features."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel1-1024x682.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel1-1024x682.png 1024w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel1-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel1-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel1.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>There are so many batteries around us, but one of the most frequently seen batteries is probably the nickel-metal hydride battery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, many of you may have heard of them, but don&#8217;t actually know much about them&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article therefore describes nickel-metal hydride batteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We hope that you will read this article to the end, as it explains how it works, its features and examples of its use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s look at them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are nickel metal hydride batteries?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nickel-metal hydride batteries are batteries in which nickel hydroxide and hydrogen storage alloys are used in the battery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The structure replaces the cadmium in the nickel-cadmium battery with a hydrogen storage alloy, making it a rechargeable that can be used again even after the energy has been extracted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Structure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel2-1024x682.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5446\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel2-1024x682.png 1024w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel2-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel2-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel2.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nickel-metal hydride batteries use nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) for the positive electrode and a hydrogen storage alloy (MH, where M is metal) for the negative electrode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During charging, hydrogen desorbed from the anode is absorbed by the cathode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>negative electrode: M\uff0bH<sub>2<\/sub>O\uff0be<sup>\u2013<\/sup>\u2192MH\uff0bOH<sup>\u2013<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>positive electrode: \u00a0Ni(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>\uff0bOH<sup>\u2013<\/sup>\u2192NiOOH\uff0bH<sub>2<\/sub>O\uff0be<sup>\u2013<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Conversely, during discharge reactions, the absorbed H atoms are desorbed from the cathode and reabsorbed back into the cathode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>negative electrode: MH\uff0bOH<sup>\u2013<\/sup>\u2192M\uff0bH<sub>2<\/sub>O\uff0be<sup>\u2013<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>positive electrode: NiOOH\uff0bH<sub>2<\/sub>O\uff0be<sup>\u2013<\/sup>\u2192Ni(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>\uff0bOH<sup>\u2013<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The electrodes have high chemical stability as no electrode dissolution\/precipitation reactions occur during charge\/discharge reactions, which contributes to longer battery life and improved safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hydrogen storage alloys for the anode are made from a combination of metals that easily absorb hydrogen (such as lanthanides, cerium and indium) and those that do not (such as nickel, cobalt and aluminium).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By blending these in the right proportions, the alloy can store more than 1,000 times its own volume in hydrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Characteristics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel3-1024x682.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel3-1024x682.png 1024w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel3-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel3-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel3.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nickel-metal hydride batteries have the following three characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Large power output for extended periods of time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can be used in place of dry cell batteries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Resistant to overcharging<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Each of these is explained one by one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Large power output for extended periods of time.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>They have lower internal resistance than other rechargeable batteries and can carry a larger current during discharge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is used in situations where high power output is required, such as when powering the motors of radio-controlled cars and hybrid vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can be used in place of dry cell batteries.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>They have a low voltage per terminal and are used as an alternative to dry cell batteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because they are rechargeable batteries, they can be used repeatedly by recharging them even when their capacity has been depleted, making them superior to primary batteries in terms of long-term cost-effectiveness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resistant to overcharging<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel4-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel4-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel4-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel4-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agus.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nickel4.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The anode is designed to be larger than the cathode, so that if gases are generated in the cathode, the anode absorbs them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This reduces the pressure build-up in the battery when overcharged. Even in the unlikely event that the battery can no longer fully absorb the gas, a mechanism that releases the gas through the battery\u2019s safety valve helps prevent the battery from rupturing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Life span<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Depending on the conditions of use, typical nickel-metal hydride batteries, such as Panasonic&#8217;s Eneloop and Evolta, can be charged and discharged for approximately 500-1000 cycles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Factors that accelerate the life of NiMH battery cells include,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Frequent use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Using while charging.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leaving it empty for a long period of time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If the battery is used in a way that damages it, such as overcharging or overdischarging, the number of usable cycles will be reduced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To extend battery life, it is necessary to review the frequency and conditions of use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disadvantages of nickel metal hydride batteries<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are three disadvantages of NiMH batteries<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Memory effect.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anode materials are expensive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High self-discharge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Each of these is explained one by one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Memory effect.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If the battery is charged while there is still capacity remaining, a \u2018memory effect\u2019 occurs, whereby the voltage drops in the vicinity of the start of the charge at the next discharge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This can cause problems, such as equipment suddenly stopping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, this effect is temporary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A sufficient discharge will eliminate the memory effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Memory effects are not as severe as with nickel-cadmium batteries, and modern nickel-metal hydride battery chargers are equipped with a refresh function that automatically discharges the batteries before charging, so memory effects are less likely to occur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anode materials are expensive.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Rare metals are used for the anode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rare metals are expensive metals with limited countries of origin, which makes batteries more expensive than lead-acid or sodium-sulphur batteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">High self-discharge.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If left unused, the battery will naturally lose 20-30% of its capacity in a month (self-discharge).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As they lose almost 100% of their capacity after a year, they tend to give the impression of being \u2018batteries that can&#8217;t be used when you want to use them\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, modern NiMH batteries retain more than 70% of their capacity after one year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Little by little, they are overcoming their traditional shortcomings, but their high self-discharge rate is noticeable compared to lithium-ion batteries, which have a low self-discharge rate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">examples of application<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nickel-metal hydride batteries are used in hybrid vehicles due to their high output.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In familiar places, they also work as a power source for household items such as TV remotes and cordless vacuum cleaners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although they are gradually losing their place to lithium-ion batteries, the high performance of nickel-metal hydride batteries is useful in a variety of fields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lastly<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This concludes the explanation on nickel-metal hydride batteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We hope that we can answer some of the many questions you may have about batteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:24px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">References<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.co.jp\/dp\/4781315720?ref_=cm_sw_r_cp_ud_dp_Q6W2B4E92DJWVYPC3ARJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u84c4\u96fb\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u3068\u96fb\u89e3\u6db2\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u958b\u767a\u300a\u666e\u53ca\u7248\u300b (\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30b9\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba), \u9cf6\u5cf6\u771f\u4e00, \u30b7\u30fc\u30a8\u30e0\u30b7\u30fc\u51fa\u7248<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.khi.co.jp\/energy\/battery_energy\/faq\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u3054\u8cea\u554f | \u30cb\u30c3\u30b1\u30eb\u6c34\u7d20\u96fb\u6c60 | \u5ddd\u5d0e\u91cd\u5de5\u696d\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e (khi.co.jp)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fdk.co.jp\/research-and-development\/original-technology\/negative-electrode\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8ca0\u6975\u6750\u6599 \u2502 FDK\u306e\u4fdd\u6709\u6280\u8853 \u2502 \u7814\u7a76\u958b\u767a \u2502 FDK\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/industrial.panasonic.com\/jp\/products\/pt\/nickel-metal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u30cb\u30c3\u30b1\u30eb\u6c34\u7d20\u96fb\u6c60 &#8211; \u30d1\u30ca\u30bd\u30cb\u30c3\u30af (panasonic.com)<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/jp.globtek.com\/nimh-battery-safety-notes#:~:text=3.4%20%E9%81%8E%E5%85%85%E9%9B%BB.%20%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0%E3%81%AF%E9%85%B8%E7%B4%A0%E5%86%8D%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E3%82%92%E7%94%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8A%E3%82%8A%E3%80%81%E9%81%8E%E5%85%85%E9%9B%BB%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A%E7%94%9F%E3%81%9A%E3%82%8B%E5%9C%A7%E5%8A%9B%E3%81%AE%E8%93%84%E7%A9%8D%E3%82%92%E9%81%85%E3%82%89%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82.,%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0%E3%81%AE%E9%81%8E%E5%85%85%E9%9B%BB%E3%81%AF%E6%AD%A3%E6%A5%B5%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%84%E3%81%A61%29%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3%E8%B3%AA%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%AE%E6%B0%B4%E9%85%B8%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%81%A8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E6%B0%B4%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E3%81%8C%E3%82%82%E3%81%AF%E3%82%84%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E6%99%822%29%E9%85%B8%E7%B4%A0%E3%82%92%E7%99%BA%E7%94%9F%E3%81%97%E5%A7%8B%E3%82%81%E3%81%9F%E6%99%82%E3%81%AB%E8%B5%B7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82.%20%E9%85%B8%E7%B4%A0%E3%81%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%83%91%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%82%92%E9%80%9A%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E6%8B%A1%E6%95%A3%E3%81%97%E3%80%81%E8%B2%A0%E6%A5%B5%E3%81%AF%E9%85%B8%E7%B4%A0%E3%81%A8%E8%93%84%E7%A9%8D%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0%E3%82%92%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88%E3%81%95%E3%81%9B%E6%B0%B4%E3%82%92%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E3%81%97%E3%80%81%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3%E8%B3%AA%E4%B8%AD%E3%81%AB%E9%81%8E%E5%89%B0%E3%81%AA%E6%B0%B4%E3%82%92%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82.%20%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E9%85%B8%E7%B4%A0%E5%86%8D%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88%E3%81%8C%E3%80%81%E6%AD%A3%E6%A5%B5%E3%81%A7%E9%85%B8%E7%B4%A0%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E7%94%9F%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E9%80%9F%E3%81%95%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A%E3%82%82%E9%81%85%E3%81%84%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%81%A7%E8%B5%B7%E3%81%93%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E9%81%8E%E5%89%B0%E3%81%AE%E9%85%B8%E7%B4%A0%EF%BC%88%E6%B0%97%E4%BD%93%EF%BC%89%E3%82%92%E8%93%84%E7%A9%8D%E3%81%97%E3%80%81%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0%E5%86%85%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%A7%E5%8A%9B%E3%81%AE%E5%A2%97%E5%8A%A0%E3%82%92%E6%8B%9B%E3%81%8D%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NiMH\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u5b89\u5168\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805 | GlobTek<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/panasonic.jp\/battery\/products\/charge\/eneloop.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u30fb\u5145\u96fb\u5f0f\u30a8\u30dc\u30eb\u30bf | \u5145\u96fb\u6c60\uff08\u30cb\u30c3\u30b1\u30eb\u6c34\u7d20\u96fb\u6c60\uff09\u30fb\u5145\u96fb\u5668 | \u5546\u54c1\u4e00\u89a7 | \u96fb\u6c60\u30fb\u30e2\u30d0\u30a4\u30eb\u30d0\u30c3\u30c6\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u5145\u96fb\u5668\u7dcf\u5408 | Panasonic<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/jpn.faq.panasonic.com\/app\/answers\/detail\/a_id\/18111\/~\/%E5%85%85%E9%9B%BB%E5%BC%8F%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E5%8A%B9%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%89-pz18111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer 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