To gain insights into the hydrophilicity of the ALD-coated Si tip, we measured CAs of a water droplet deposited on a Si wafer with and without ALD Al2O3 coating, as shown in Fig. 2a–d. Without coating (Fig. 2a), the CA was relatively high (70.4°), suggesting the tip hydrophobicity due to organic contamination. Even after 10 or 20 cycles, the CA remains almost the same: 71.6° and 67.6°, respectively. As discussed earlier, the surface of the 20-cycle ALD-coated tip can be carbon, SiO2 or Al2O3, depending on the initial thickness of the carbon contamination layer. The observed high CA for this experiment suggests that the surface was still terminated with carbon even after 20 cycles. After 50 cycles, the CA dramatically decreased to show 15.8°, suggesting the coverage of the tip apex by hydrophilic Al2O3 film. This result is consistent with our TEM observations shown in Fig. 1.